下面这篇文章是洋人的,搬运自一个叫做 “不同类型” 的网站;为避免因为有网址链接而导致本文一塌糊涂,链接就不贴上来了,直接用微软浏览器就能搜索到的。贴这文章主要是拓展知识,也与本文有内容上的联系。每一小节洋文后面的中文是微软机器翻译的。本来不想干预这个翻译,但个别地方不得不在【】内补充一下。
16 Different Types of Accordions
When you think of accordions, you probably either picture people in funny costumes playing polkas while others drink beer or Weird Al Yankovich. The latter made the accordion popular in the West with his zany parodies, which originally included polka-style mixes of popular tunes using an accordion.
当你想到手风琴时, 你可能会想象穿着滑稽服装的人在玩波尔卡,而其他人喝啤酒,或者奇怪的Al Yankovich。后者使手风琴在西方流行起来,他的滑稽模仿最初包括使用手风琴的波尔卡风格的流行曲调混合。
But one thing you might not know is that the accordion actually has a history spanning over 2,000 years. The modern accordion uses a reed placed over an opening. The unique shape forms a bellows, which causes air to pass through the reed, producing sound.
但有一件事你可能不知道,手风琴实际上有2000多年的历史。现代手风琴使用放置在开口上的芦苇【簧片】。独特的形状形成波纹管【风箱】,使空气通过簧片,产生声音。
The modern accordion is accredited to three different individuals: Timofey Vorontsov in 1820, Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann in 1822, and Ivan Sizov in 1830. The name itself is derived from “akkord”, a German word meaning “musical chord”.
现代手风琴被认可给三个不同的人: 1820年的Timofey Vorontsov, 1822年的Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann和1830年的Ivan Sizov。这个名字本身来源于“akkord”,一个德语单词,意思是“音乐和弦”。
Over the years, several different types of accordion have been created, some using buttons, some with keys, and some using multiple note producing systems. Here are 16 different kinds of accordion, some of which you may have actually seen and some more obscure.
多年来, 已经创建了几种不同类型的手风琴, 有些使用按钮, 有些使用键, 有些使用多个音符生成系统.这里有16种不同的手风琴, 其中一些你可能真的见过, 还有一些更晦涩难懂。
1. Bandoneon
This concertina is large enough to require knee support during performances. The instrument was created by the Heinrich Band for religious and popular music, but has found its main popularity in tango music.
这把手风琴足够大,在表演期间需要膝盖支撑。该乐器由海因里希乐队为宗教和流行音乐而创作,但在探戈音乐中获得了主要流行。【不知道帖子作者为什么认为班多纽琴“large enough”;实际上在他所列的16种琴中,这几乎是最小的一种】
2. Bayan
Named after an 11th century minstrel named Boyan, the bayan is a Russian chromatic button accordion with broad, rectangular reeds. It has a richer sound than most other Western accordions, and the reeds are not tuned in with the tremolo, lending to its unique sound.
巴彦以一位名叫Boyan的11世纪吟游诗人命名,是一种俄罗斯彩色【半音阶】按钮手风琴,带有宽阔的矩形芦苇【簧片】。它的声音比大多数其他西方手风琴更丰富,芦苇【簧片】没有与颤音一起调谐,这借用【导致】了其独特的声音。
3. Bisonoric Accordion
These accordions are capable of producing two different notes or pitches per button, with the sound changing depending on whether the bellows are being expanded or contracted.
这些手风琴能够为每个按钮产生两个不同的音符或音高,声音会根据波纹管【风箱】是被扩展还是收缩而变化。【说人话就是:按同一个键,拉风箱和合风箱时,琴的声音不同】
4. British Chromatic Accordion
Popular among the Scottish, this organ uses the stradella system for the left hand and features a bisonoric right hand.
这些手风琴能够为每个按钮产生两个不同的音符或音高,声音会根据波纹管【风箱】是被扩展还是收缩而变化。
5. Button Accordion
One of the two major categories of accordion, the button accordion has buttons on its treble side instead of keys. One side has single note buttons, while the other has bass and chord buttons. It’s believed the first button accordion was created by Franz Walther in 1859. 作为手风琴的两大类之一, 按钮手风琴在其高音侧而不是键上有按钮。一侧有单个音符按钮,而另一侧有低音和和弦按钮。【此处所谓“单个音符”,应当是针对那种一个键按下去、拉风箱与合风箱有不同声音的琴而言】 据信,第一个按钮手风琴是由弗朗茨·瓦尔特在1859年创作的。
6. Chromatic Accordion
These button accordions have buttons on both the treble and bass sides. The bass buttons are arranged in the same way as on a piano accordion and is generally configured to free bass or stradella systems. The treble side has three to five rows of buttons and usually includes a C-Grif or B-Grif. 这些按钮手风琴在高音和低音两侧都有按钮。低音按钮的排列方式与钢琴手风琴【直键琴的】相同,通常配置为自由低音或斯特拉德拉系统。 高音侧有三到五排按钮,通常包括C-Grif或B-Grif。【这就是今天最常见的手风琴类型】
7. Concertina
While considered a type of accordion, concertinas aren’t true accordions in the modern sense of the word. These small free reed instruments are popular among sailors and others who are often on the move. 虽然被认为是一种手风琴, 但【这】手风琴并不是现代意义上的真正手风琴。这些小型自由簧片乐器在水手和其他经常移动的人中很受欢迎。
根据具体类型,它们可能是单一的或双单的。
8. Diatonic Accordion
Most commonly used in folk music, diatonic organs are a subgroup of button accordion that have bisonoric reeds. These accordions are more limited in what keys they can play, with a three row model usually having either C, F, and G or E♭, B, and F keys. 在民间音乐中最常用的是全音器官【风琴,管风琴】是具有双声簧片的按钮手风琴的子组。这些手风琴在它们可以演奏的键上受到更多限制,三排模型【键的琴】通常具有C,F和G或E♭,B和F键。
9. Digital AccordionThis modern type of accordion has an onboard sound system that may or may not include free reeds. These play just like a traditional accordion, but allow for additional effects, such as chorus or reverb and are MIDI compatible. 这种现代类型的手风琴有一个板载音响系统,可能包括也可能不包括自由簧片。它们就像传统的手风琴一样演奏,但允许额外的效果,如合唱或混响,并且是MIDI兼容的。
10. Piano Accordion
This category of accordion features keys instead of buttons. The treble keyboard, found on the right side of the instrument, is designed just like a piano, making them easier to learn. The board has various numbers of keys, with a full-sized board containing 41 keys across more than three octaves. On the left side is a board containing buttons that allow for bass accompaniment, with most full-sized models having 120 buttons and may use free bass, French 3-3, or stradella bass systems. However, students generally start out on a 12 bass accordion, which has two octaves of keys and only 12 bass buttons. 这类手风琴具有【直】键而不是按钮。高音键盘位于乐器的右侧,设计得就像钢琴一样,使它们更容易学习。 该板【这种琴】具有各种数量的键,全尺寸板【键盘】包含41个键,跨越三个八度以上。左侧是一个包含按钮的板【键盘】,允许低音伴奏,大多数全尺寸型号有120个按钮,可以使用免费的低音【自由低音】,法国3-3或斯特拉德拉低音系统。 然而,学生通常从12低音手风琴开始,它有两个八度键,只有12个低音按钮。
11. Russian Garmon
This chromatic button accordion has two rows on the treble side which use a diatonic scale. The left side has at least two rows and plays both the primary chords and relative harmonic minor keys. Some models include right-hand buttons for additional chords or accidental notes and additional free bass buttons. It has a popularity range that includes Georgia, Armenia, Slovenia, and many cultures in the Ural and Vulga regions. 这个半音按钮手风琴在高音侧有两行,使用全音阶。左侧至少有两行,同时演奏主和弦和相对谐波小调【小三和弦?】。 一些型号包括用于附加和弦或意外音符的右手按钮以及额外的免费低音【自由低音】按钮。它的受欢迎程度范围包括格鲁吉亚,亚美尼亚,斯洛文尼亚以及乌拉尔和武尔加地区的许多文化。
12. Schrammel Accordion
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Named after a schrammel quartet; which is a quartet consisting of clarinet, accordion, and two violins; this instrument merges two types of accordion. The right hand is that of a chromatic button accordion, while the left side has a 12-button bisonoric diatonic keyboard. 以施拉梅尔四重奏命名;这是一个由单簧管,手风琴和两把小提琴组成的四重奏;这个乐器融合了两种类型的手风琴。 右手是半音按钮手风琴,而左侧有一个12键双声道全音键盘。
13. Schwyzerörgeli (AKA Swiss organ)
Found almost exclusively in Switzerland, this unique accordion has a diatonic treble side consisting of three rows of buttons and a unisonoric bass side with 18 buttons.
这种独特的手风琴几乎只在瑞士发现, 它有一个由三排按钮组成的全音高音侧和一个带有 18 个按钮的单音低音侧。
14. Steirische Harmonika
Popular throughout Austria, Bavaria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, the Steirische harmonika is a bisonoric diatonic button accordion. It has rich bass notes and one key per scale that is unisonoric.
Steirische harmonika在奥地利,巴伐利亚州,捷克共和国,斯洛文尼亚和意大利部分地区广受欢迎, 是一种双声道全音按钮手风琴。它具有丰富的低音音符和每个音阶一个单调的键。
15. Trikitixa/Trikiti
This is the Basque national musical instrument and is particular to that culture. It has a two-row bisonoric treble side and diatonic, unisonoric bass side with 12 buttons.
这是巴斯克民族乐器,是这种文化所特有的。它有一个两排双声道高音侧和全音,单声道低音侧,带有12个按钮。
16. Unisonoric Accordion
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Some accordions use a unisonoric system, which has a set pitch or note on both the pull and push of the bellows. In these models, the instrument size has an effect on pitch.
一些手风琴使用单声系统,该系统在波纹管【风箱】的拉力和推力上都有一个固定的音高或音符。在这些模型中,乐器尺寸对音高有影响。
【原文完】
说明:
1、这篇文章不是在手风琴专业网站上的,所以作者对手风琴的解释有些呵呵;我们看它主要知道各种手风琴;
2、文中两次提到 “stradella system”:经查,stradella 是意大利的一个小地方;当年这里的手风琴制作业兴旺,在这里确定左手贝司的 “键-音”排列方式,就约定俗成称为 “斯特拉德拉系统"。市面上的手风琴,基本上就是这种排列,很少一些是自由低音。
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